Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) ISSN: 2368-7487 The Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to the publication of original research, reviews, and short communications in the fields of fisheries and aquaculture. The journal provides a platform for advancements in aquatic sciences, covering areas such as aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture practices, fish health, nutrition, environmental impacts, fish processing, and the socio-economic aspects of fisheries. Submissions must be original, unpublished work. All articles undergo a double-blind peer review process, evaluated by expert reviewers, with final decisions made by the editorial board. Accepted articles are published online and made freely accessible to the global scientific community.
A Historical Study Of Women’s Development Through Self Help Groups In Tirunelveli District
The aim of this research article is to understand the women’s development through Self Help Groups in Tirunelveli District. Women and men self-help groups and other community based organizations are the base for all the development activities of Tirunelveli Social Service Society(TSSS). TSSS, with the support of Tamil Nadu Women Development Corporation, has formed women self-help groups in the grassroots villages and federated them at Panchayat, block and district level for engendering the change in the socio economic lives of the target people. The Self Help Groups have been linked to banks, financial institutions and Government-line departments for mobilizing resources for their integral development. This article focuses the only women’s development through Self Help Groups in Tirunelveli District.
Self Help Groups, Tirunelveli District, women’s development, Tirunelveli Social Service Society.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Myth as Cultural Memory: Rewriting Indian Epics in Post-Millennial English Fiction through Memory Studies
This paper examines post-millennial Indian English mythological fiction as a dynamic practice of cultural memory rather than merely a revival of epic narrative, popular genre fiction, or historical fantasy. Drawing on Cultural Memory Studies—particularly the theoretical interventions of Jan Assmann and Aleida Assmann—the study conceptualizes contemporary rewritings of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata as mnemonic sites where collective remembrance is preserved, reinterpreted, and transmitted in response to present socio-cultural and ideological conditions. Situating its analysis within the critical framework articulated by Soni, the paper argues that post-millennial mythological fiction marks a significant shift in Indian English writing from postcolonial historiography towards an inward engagement with indigenous civilizational memory. Through close textual analysis of selected works by Amish Tripathi, Anand Neelakantan, and Ashok Banker, the study demonstrates how these narratives mediate between canonical epic memory and archival reinterpretation. By foregrounding ethical ambiguity, humanizing divine figures, recuperating marginalized perspectives, and rationalizing the supernatural, contemporary epic retellings destabilize singular moral authority and collapse rigid distinctions between myth and history. These narrative strategies align with Hayden White’s theory of narrative emplotment, foregrounding the constructed nature of both mythic and historical knowledge. The paper further contends that the relocation of epic narratives into popular English-language fiction constitutes a process of memory democratization, enabling cultural memory to circulate beyond ritualistic, religious, and scholarly domains. Writing myth in English is read not as cultural dilution but as a strategic act of transcultural memory transmission that facilitates the global circulation of Indian cultural memory while retaining its symbolic core. Ultimately, the study positions post-millennial Indian English mythological fiction as a living archive—one that sustains epic traditions through preservation, transformation, and transmission—thereby affirming its significance as a vital literary and cultural practice in twenty-first-century India.
Cultural Memory, Indian English Fiction, Mythology, Post-Millennial Literature, Memory Studies, Indian Epics, Popular Fiction, Transcultural Memory, Amish Tripathi, Anand Neelakantan, Ashok Banker
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Culture Performance And Breeding Efficiency Of Jayanti Rohu Compared To Local Rohu (Labeo Rohita) Under Similar Field Conditions
In this study, we compare the culture performance and breeding efficiency of two Rohu varieties—Jayanti Rohu and local Rohu—under controlled laboratory circumstances. So that we could compare growth, reproductive qualities, and early developmental characteristics between the two strains, we kept them in the same environment and used the same husbandry procedures. When compared to the local strain, Jayanti Rohu showed improved growth performance, suggesting that it would be better to cultivate in the field. Jayanti Rohu exhibited increased fecundity, a sign of better breeding efficiency, in relation to reproductive characteristics. Fertilized eggs and newly hatched spawn from Jayanti Rohu were quite small, however the spawn performed substantially better after hatching. When compared to local Rohu, the early stages of Jayanti Rohu larvae were more active and showed better growth during the initial rearing period. When compared to the local strain, the results indicate that Jayanti Rohu has superior growth potential, reproductive efficiency, and early larval vigor. All of these features make Jayanti Rohu a good candidate for use in field-based freshwater aquaculture systems that want to boost output and seed quality.
Culture Performance; Breeding Efficiency; Growth Performance; Spawn Quality; Freshwater Aquaculture
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Correlation Of Lipid Metabolism Genes With Drug Resistance Markers
One defining feature of cancer cells is metabolic pathway dysregulation, which prevents them from meeting their bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands. Lipid moieties are physiologically and clinically significant because they are a concentrated source of energy and a source of numerous precursors that fuel cancer's high growth rate Therefore, this review set out to compile and organize data about how samples are prepared for lipid analysis in relation to obesity research. The emergence of medication resistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment. In both the local and TCGA cohorts, research examining the relationship between drug resistance genes and lipid metabolism genes found that ABCC1 was positively associated with CERK and SPHK1.
Correlation, Lipid, Metabolism, Drug, and Resistance
Impurity Profiling of Antidiabetic Drugs: Analytical Challenges and Regulatory Perspectives
Impurity profiling has emerged as a critical component of pharmaceutical quality assurance, particularly for antidiabetic drugs that are intended for long-term and often lifelong therapy. The presence of impurities—originating from raw materials, manufacturing processes, degradation pathways, or drug–excipient interactions—can significantly impact the safety, efficacy, and stability of antidiabetic formulations. With the increasing complexity of modern antidiabetic agents, including biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and combination therapies, comprehensive impurity profiling has become both analytically challenging and regulatory-driven. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the sources and classification of impurities in antidiabetic drugs, analytical strategies employed for their identification, quantification, and characterization, and the evolving regulatory expectations governing impurity control. Emphasis is placed on stability-indicating methods, forced degradation studies, and hyphenated analytical techniques such as LC–MS/MS and NMR for structural elucidation. Current challenges, including trace-level impurity detection, genotoxic impurity assessment, and impurity profiling in fixed-dose combinations, are critically evaluated. The review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective to researchers and industry professionals engaged in the development, validation, and regulatory submission of antidiabetic drug products.
Impurity profiling, antidiabetic drugs, stability-indicating methods, analytical challenges, regulatory guidelines, LC–MS/MS
Comparative Analysis of Paddlewheel and Alternative Aeration Systems in Aquaculture: Performance, Hydrodynamics, Energy Efficiency and Biological Outcomes
Mechanical aeration is a cornerstone of intensive aquaculture, directly influencing dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics, water circulation, nutrient transformations, and ultimately the growth, survival, and health of cultured organisms. While paddlewheel aerators are widely used in pond-based and raceway systems for their robust circulation and DO transfer, alternative technologies—diffused-air systems, surface impellers, fountain aerators, turbine aerators, and venturi injectors—each present distinct hydrodynamic behaviors, oxygen transfer efficiencies, capital and operational cost profiles, and ecological impacts. This comprehensive study compares paddlewheel aerators to alternative aeration systems across laboratory, field, and numerical (CFD) analyses, integrates experimental data, and conducts rigorous statistical analyses (ANOVA and post-hoc tests) using multiple statistical software (R, SPSS, and SAS) to validate findings. Outcomes include detailed comparisons of oxygen transfer rates, spatial DO distribution, energy consumption (kg O₂/kWh), effects on water quality (TAN, nitrite, turbidity), growth performance (specific growth rate, FCR, survival), and the influence on pond ecology. The research provides design recommendations, energy-optimization strategies, and a decision-framework to select aeration systems suited to specific culture species and production goals.
Paddlewheel aerator, Oxygen transfer efficiency, CFD, ANOVA, Aquaculture.
A Study On The Role Of Blockchain Technology In The Administration Of Justice In India
As India’s judiciary moves toward a "Digital-First" era, the challenges of data integrity, evidence tampering, and procedural delays persist. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and transparent ledger system, offers a transformative solution. This study evaluates the current deployment of the "Judiciary Chain" under e-Courts Phase III, the legal admissibility of blockchain-based evidence under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023, and the potential of smart contracts in civil dispute resolution. Through an analysis of recent directives by the Supreme Court of India in late 2025, this paper argues that blockchain is the "trust layer" essential for a truly paperless and transparent judiciary.
Blockchain Technology; Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, Supreme Court
The Role of Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) In Autism Children
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) an important virus that play a critical rule in autism , which was higher rate in children with autism , with viral infected those mother .
Assessment Of Freshwater Fish Biodiversity And Conservation Status In Selected Wetlands Of Jaunpur District
Wetlands are dynamic and ecologically significant ecosystems that play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity, particularly freshwater fish diversity. This study investigates the diversity, abundance, and conservation status of freshwater fish species across four representative wetlands—Gujar Tal, Chandrawal Pond, Sikraur Wetland, and Hathipur Wetland—in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seasonal field surveys were conducted using traditional fishing techniques, and species were identified, preserved, and analyzed using standard taxonomic keys and ecological indices. A total of 58 fish species were recorded, with diversity peaking during the monsoon season. Biodiversity indices such as Shannon-Weiner (H'), Simpson's Dominance (D), and Margalef’s Richness (R) indicated that Gujar Tal exhibited the highest ecological richness, while Hathipur Wetland, dominated by aquaculture and exotic species, showed reduced diversity and high species dominance. Geospatial tools such as GIS and NDWI/NDVI analysis were used to map habitat changes and relate them to species distribution. The study identified multiple anthropogenic threats, including pollution, overfishing, habitat fragmentation, and exotic species introduction. Conservation status assessments using the IUCN Red List and CAMP reports revealed several species of regional concern. The findings emphasize the need for site-specific conservation strategies and sustainable wetland management practices that integrate ecological monitoring with local stakeholder participation. This research serves as a baseline for future biodiversity assessments and advocates for a comprehensive, spatially-informed approach to wetland conservation in semi-rural India.
Freshwater Fish Diversity; Wetlands; Jaunpur; Fish Conservation; Biodiversity Indices; Seasonal Variation; GIS Mapping; Exotic Species; IUCN Status; Sustainable Wetland Management.
Socio Economic Aspects And Scope Of Agro-Tourism
This research paper examines the potential of agro-tourism in Maharashtra. It analyzes the state's policies, opportunities, scope, and defining features. The study identifies agro-tourism as a sustainable strategy that integrates agriculture and tourism, aiming to provide supplementary income for farmers, foster rural employment, and promote socio-economic development. Key findings outline the requisite infrastructure, stakeholder roles, and multifaceted benefits—including economic diversification, cultural exchange, and environmental awareness. The paper concludes by recommending strategies for industry growth, emphasizing policy support, financial solutions, and structured government initiatives to harness agro-tourism's full potential in revitalizing rural economies.
Agro-tourism, Agri-tourism, Rural Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Farm Diversification, Employment Generation
Green Synthesis And Characterization Of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles With Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Anticancer Activity
Silver nanoparticles stabilized by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-AgNPs) were produced through an environmentally friendly approach and subsequently examined using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The UV-Visible spectrum revealed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 426 nm, which confirms the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles. The crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD, and diffraction peaks were characteristic of the planes (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) of face-centered cubic silver. The resultant crystallite sizes were in the range of 2.4–5.3 nm to support nanoscale dimensions. TEM analysis indicated well-dispersed ultrasmall nanoparticles with an average size of ~4 nm, which suggested the effective stabilization of CMC-induced nanoparticle formation and absence of agglomeration. SEM imaging depicted a quasi-spherical morphology with a consistent distribution throughout the CMC matrix. EDS spot analysis confirmed the presence of metallic silver, while area-scan spectra indicated the presence of carbon (C), oxygen (O), and trace elements linked to the polymer stabilizer. The biological effectiveness of CMC-AgNPs was evaluated against Propionibacterium acnes and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In antibacterial assays, CMC-AgNPs showed no inhibitory effect on P. acnes at concentrations reaching 1000 nmol/well, whereas erythromycin (the positive control) consistently generated inhibition zones of 35 mm. In contrast, cytotoxicity assessments showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 61.20 µg/mL, along with morphological changes indicative of apoptosis or necrosis. These findings suggest that CMC-AgNPs were not effective against bacteria responsible for acne and they exhibited significant anticancer properties that highlighting the importance of nanoparticle surface chemistry in affecting biological activity.
Carboxymethyl cellulose, Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Anticancer activity, Acne bacteria, MCF-7 cells.
Structural Precarity And The Ecological Imperative: Socio-Economic Determinants Of Livelihood Vulnerability And Resource Exploitation Dynamics In The Artisanal Fishery Of Bori Tapa Beel, Assam, India
Floodplain wetlands (Beels) in Assam represent critical socio-ecological interfaces, sustaining both significant ichthyofaunal diversity and a substantial marginalized population of Below Poverty Line (BPL) artisanal fishers. This investigation quantitatively scrutinizes the nexus between structural socio-economic characteristics and resource exploitation intensity within the Bori Tapa Beel fishery. Analysing primary cross-sectional data from a robust sample (N=719), we employed multiple regression modelling and Chi-Square analysis. The cohort exhibits profound structural precarity 42.5% (n ≈ 305) subsist in vulnerable Kaccha ghar (temporary dwellings). Regression analysis elucidates that Livelihood Diversification (β = +0.55, p < 0.001) and Secured Housing Status (β = +0.41, p < 0.005) constitute the preeminent positive predictors of Total Annual Income (TAI), underscoring the functional insufficiency of the fishery as a standalone livelihood source. This pronounced economic insufficiency compels intensive, short-cycle resource extraction, evidenced by a tripling of Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) during the ecologically sensitive dry season, utilizing non-selective, ecologically detrimental apparatus such as Scoop Nets and small-mesh Gill Nets. Crucially, non-parametric testing demonstrated a highly significant institutional asymmetry: while universal uptake characterized acute consumption relief schemes, structural capital accumulation initiatives (e.g., housing grants) systematically failed to penetrate the 42.5% most vulnerable stratum ( , p < 0.01). This failure perpetuates the structural deficit that underpins and necessitates ecologically destructive exploitation. Policy recalibration must prioritize the remediation of this capital deficit to decouple economic survival from environmental degradation.
Structural Vulnerability; Artisanal Fisheries; Multiple Regression Analysis; Distress Exploitation; Floodplain Wetland Ecology; Public Policy Efficacy.
Fish Diversity Of Sille River, East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Arunachal Pradesh situated in the north-eastern region of India, is endowed with rich in fishery resources. A Short survey was undertaken from April 2017 to February 2018 on fish biodiversity of Sille River, East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh. Sille River is one of the major river of Sille-Oyan Circle of East Siang which originated from Miglung and culminate at mighty Brahamaputra river. The sampling of fish was done from two sites of river using cast net, gill net and with the available local fishing gear and technique. A total of 21 species of fishes belong to 11 families were identified. Cypriniformes dominates with 8 species followed by Siluriformes with 7 families.
Fish diversity, Sille River, ichthyodiversity, East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India
Green Sonochemical Synthesis Of Isoxazolidine Derivatives Via 1,3 Dipolar Cycloaddition Of Nitrones To Styrene In DMC As A Solvent
Using three sonochemical green techniques, several nitrones were synthesized from N-phenylhydroxylamine and aldehydes, utilizing dimethyl carbonate as a green solvent under ultrasonic irradiation. These nitrones were then employed in ultrasound-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with styrene in aqueous ethanol, leading to the production of new isoxazolidines with high yields (85-95%) and short reaction times (30 minutes), demonstrating complete regioselectivity. This combined sonochemical-green method improves sustainability, lowers energy usage, and offers scalable access to functionalized isoxazolidine frameworks.
Mammalian Habitat Preservation In Innerline Reserve Forest, Cachar: A Conservation Perspective
Mammalian habitat preservation in reserve forests is increasingly important for biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes, with increased emphasis within global biodiversity hotspots. The present study assessed mammalian diversity, habitat characteristics, and conservation challenges in the Innerline Reserve Forest of Cachar District, Assam, located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. A field-based ecological survey approach was adopted, integrating line transect surveys, indirect sign observations, vegetation assessment, and socio-ecological surveys. The study recorded diverse mammalian species representing multiple trophic guilds, including herbivores, carnivores, primates, and small mammals. Habitat-wise analysis revealed higher species richness and activity in dense forest patches and areas close to seasonal water sources, while degraded forest areas and forest fringes supported lower diversity. Vegetation structure and water availability were found to be the key determinants of habitat suitability, whereas logging, grazing, fuelwood collection, and encroachment negatively affected habitat quality and species occurrence. Socio-ecological findings highlighted the local dependence on forest resources and the prevalence of human–wildlife interactions near forest boundaries. The results bring forth the conservation importance of reserve forests as crucial habitats and ecological corridors outside the protected area network. Strengthening habitat protection, enhancing forest governance, and encouraging community participation are imperative for effective mammalian habitat preservation in the Innerline Reserve Forest.
Mammalian diversity, Habitat quality, Reserve Forest conservation, Anthropogenic disturbance, Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot
The Representation of Women in Medieval Literature: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Medieval literary cultures across regions have consistently employed representations of women as critical sites for negotiating moral authority, spiritual legitimacy, and social order. Yet existing scholarship has largely examined these representations within isolated cultural frameworks, leaving their cross-cultural dynamics underexplored. Addressing this gap, the present study offers a comparative analysis of women’s representation in Western European, Middle Eastern, and South Asian medieval literature, focusing on The Canterbury Tales, The Arabian Nights, and Bhakti devotional poetry attributed to Mirabai. Grounded in a qualitative, feminist-oriented textual methodology, the article examines how narrative positioning, symbolic function, and modes of agency attributed to women are shaped by distinct religious and literary systems. The findings demonstrate that although portrayals of women differ significantly across cultures, they converge around recurring structures of moral regulation, spiritual mediation, and culturally sanctioned forms of agency. Western texts tend to construct femininity through moralized and relational frameworks influenced by Christian doctrine, Middle Eastern narratives foreground intellectual and discursive authority through storytelling, and South Asian devotional poetry emphasizes affective spirituality and devotional subjectivity. By placing these traditions in dialogue, the study reveals both shared representational patterns and culturally specific constructions of medieval womanhood. The article contributes to feminist medieval studies by advancing a non-Eurocentric, cross-cultural framework that deepens understanding of how gender, power, and meaning were negotiated in medieval literary imagination.
Medieval literature; gender representation; cross-cultural analysis; feminist literary studies; female agency
Basic Knowledge Of Mathematics Among Students Who Have Taken Mathematics Teaching Methods In A B.Ed. College In Dharashiv City: A Study
Mathematics plays a crucial role in the school curriculum, and a teacher’s own mathematical understanding directly influences teaching quality. B.Ed. students who choose Mathematics Teaching Methods are expected to possess adequate basic mathematical knowledge. However, many studies in Indian teacher education institutions show gaps in fundamental concepts such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and problem-solving. This study investigates the basic mathematics knowledge of B.Ed. students in a selected college in Dharashiv (Osmanabad) city, aiming to highlight strengths, weaknesses, and factors affecting their performance.
Role of Cell Cycle Checkpoints In Cell Division Regulation
- Cell cycle is the regulatory mechanism of regulated cell division process in the body. The cell cycle checkpoints such as regulatory protein and genes work together in different stages during interphase stage of the cell cycle that regulates the cell division in regulatory manner. Some of the regulatory proteins and gene such as p53, CDK family, cyclin family MAPK etc. responsible for proper functioning of the cell division processes such as unreplicated sections of DNA blocks progression in the cell cycle, DNA replication, cell growth, growth factors, cell proliferation, differentiation etc. in both the cells prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cell. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene having the potential to become an oncogene by mutations, while oncogene is a gene that when mutated, gains a function or is over-expressed, abnormally resulting in the conversion of a normal cell into a cancer cell and the CDKIs are commonly mutated or suppressed in many human malignancies. For instance, germline mutations of p16 causes melanoma. At the single cell level, each cell either had entirely phosphorylated MAPK or no phosphorylated MAPK, confirming that it acts as a switch-like mechanism in each cell. While cyclins activate the CDKs, their inhibitors (CDKIs) suppress the CDKs, exerting negative control over the cell cycle. Somatically acquired inactivation or deletion of p16 causes carcinoma pancreas, glioblastomas, cancer of esophagus, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), soft-tissue sarcomas, and urinary bladder cancers.
Cell cycle checkpoints, p53 gene, CDK proteins, MAPK, Non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC).
Critical Evaluation of Afro-Centric Perpective in Africana Womanism Exposed in the Works of Clenora Hudson Weems
This paper explores and analyses Africana womanism presented by Clenora Hudson weems. Africana Womanism is an authentic theoretical concept designed for all women of African descent. It is family centered, rather than female centered, and advocates race empowerment, rather than female empowerment. It, then,appropriately prioritizes race, class and gender, as Black men and women have the ultimate responsibility of securing family survival and thus, cannot afford the luxury of gender exclusivity when the whole race is at risk. Africana womanism is a term coined in the late 1980s by Clenora Hudson-Weems intended as an ideology applicable to all women of African descent. It is grounded in African culture and Afrocentrism and focuses on the experiences, struggles, needs, and desires of Africana women of the African diaspora. It distinguishes itself from feminism, or Alice Walker womanism. Africana womanism pays more attention to and focuses more on the realities and the injustices in society in regard to race. African men and women do not accept the ideology of feminism. Africana woman does not see the man as her primary enemy as does the white feminist, who is carrying out an age-old battle with her white male counterpart for subjugating her as his property. Africana men have never had the same institutionalized power to oppress Africana women as white men have had to oppress white women. Africana womanist ideology contributes to Afrocentric discourse. Africana womanism fundamental foundation is built on traditional Africana philosophy and values and on Afrocentric theories: Some of the traditional values forefront the role of African mothers as leaders in the struggle to regain, reconstruct, and create a cultural integrity that espouses the ancient Maatic principles of reciprocity, balance, harmony, justice, truth, righteousness, order, and so forth. All this will be discussed in detail in the paper.
Africana Womanism, Black feminism, Afro centrism, African descent
Formation of boron-based Metal Complex via Sonochemistry approach and Its Insilco study
A series of novel BODIPY–boron complexes were efficiently synthesized via a sonochemistry-assisted multicomponent reaction of indole and substituted aromatic aldehydes under green conditions. The ultrasonic irradiation protocol enabled rapid complex formation in short reaction times, minimizing solvent usage and energy input, while aligning with the principles of sustainable chemistry. This sono-assisted strategy offers an environmentally benign and time-efficient alternative to conventional synthetic methods for BODIPY-type boron complexes. The structures of the synthesized complexes were unequivocally confirmed using a comprehensive set of spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 11B NMR, 19F NMR, and mass spectrometry, which collectively established the successful coordination of boron and the integrity of the BODIPY core structure. Furthermore, the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles of the newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated through in silico studies using Swiss ADME, including the prediction of physicochemical properties, pre-ADME parameters, and BOILED-Egg analysis for gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier penetration. The computational results indicated that the selected BODIPY–boron complexes possess favorable oral bioavailability and acceptable ADME profiles, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for further exploration in medicinal and imaging applications.
Sonochemistry, Green Route, Pre-ADME,In-silico
Antibiotics An Effective Tool, Their Categories and Action Mechanism Against Microbial Infection.
Many antibiotics originate from microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and molds, although today some are partly or fully synthesized in laboratories. The introduction of antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine by drastically reducing deaths caused by bacterial infections, and many of today’s antibiotics are still based on these natural substances. Although people in ancient times were aware that some molds and plant extracts had antibacterial properties, the modern era of antibiotics truly began in the early 20th century, highlighted by Alexander Fleming’s groundbreaking discovery of penicillin in 1928. Antibiotics are generally categorized by their mode of action such as disrupting bacterial cell wall formation, inhibiting protein production, interfering with DNA or RNA synthesis, or blocking essential metabolic functions. The method of administration whether oral, topical, or by injection can also influence how resistance develops. Antibiotics with similar chemical structures often share similar properties, including their effectiveness, side effects, and potential for allergic reactions. Antibiotics can work in two main ways: they can be bactericidal meaning they directly kill bacteria, or bacteriostatic, meaning they stop bacterial growth. These drugs are grouped into different classes, each targeting specific bacterial structures or processes. However, bacteria continuously adapt and develop resistance mechanisms that weaken or block the effects of these drugs. These mechanisms involve altering the antibiotic’s target site, decreasing drug entry by modifying cell membrane permeability, generating enzymes that deactivate the antibiotic, and employing efflux pumps to remove the drug from the cell.
Antibiotics, Antibacterial effects, Bactericidal, Disrupting, Bacterial components, Antibiotic’s target site.
Veterinary Perspectives On The Prevention And Control Of Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic diseases continue to pose a significant health issue in the world especially in places where human beings have close contact with animals and the environment, therefore forming an environment where the chances of disease spread are highly likely. This research paper explores the views of the veterinary on the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases based on primary data gathered in a sample of 50 veterinary professionals. The research design used was descriptive and the data collection was done using a structured questionnaire that covered both quantitative and qualitative information. The results indicate that veterinarians are regularly exposed to various types of zoonotic infections, of which rabies, bruce and leptospirosis are the most common. Prevention strategies including vaccination of animals, maintenance of hygiene and biosecurity, control of vectors, deworming, and awareness were highly observed. Nevertheless, the main challenges mentioned included a shortage of resources, lack of diagnostic facilities, poor levels of compliance by the populace and weak intersectoral coordination. Surveillance procedures like regular field visits, reporting of cases were monitored but communication loopholes between them and the public health departments still exist. This paper highlights the importance of veterinarians in managing the zoonotic diseases and calls on the need to enhance the collaboration of veterinarians, enhance surveillance mechanisms and increase awareness of the communities in order to successfully mitigate the threat of zoonotic diseases.
zoonotic diseases, veterinary perspectives, prevention, surveillance, One Health, biosecurity, public health.
Advancements in Renewable Energy Storage Solutions: A Focus on Lithium-Ion Batteries
The rapid expansion of renewable energy infrastructures has heightened the need for efficient, scalable, and sustainable energy storage solutions capable of addressing intermittency and ensuring grid reliability. Among the available technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominant choice due to their superior energy density, long operational lifespan, and steadily decreasing manufacturing costs. This paper critically examines recent advancements in LIB technology that enhance their suitability for large-scale renewable energy applications. Key developments include the integration of high-capacity electrode materials such as silicon-based anodes and high-nickel cathodes, which significantly improve energy performance while reducing reliance on scarce resources. Innovations in solid-state electrolytes and advanced battery management systems (BMS) are also explored for their contributions to improved safety, thermal stability, and predictive maintenance. Furthermore, the study evaluates sustainability-oriented advancements, particularly in recycling technologies and circular economy models aimed at minimising environmental footprints and resource depletion. A comparative assessment with emerging storage alternatives such as flow batteries and sodium-ion technologies highlights the competitive advantages and persistent challenges of LIBs. The analysis underscores that while lithium-ion batteries remain central to current renewable energy strategies, continued research in materials science, thermal management, and recycling infrastructures is essential to achieving long-term performance and sustainability goals. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive perspective on the technological progress shaping the future of renewable energy storage solutions.
Lithium-Ion Batteries; Renewable Energy Storage; Solid-State Electrolytes; Electrode Materials; Battery Sustainability
Edible Molluscs Preferred By Manipuri Community of District Cachar, Assam
Diversity of Edible Mollusca was studied at different division of North Eastern India. At each division, diversity and number of species were collected from road side selling out lets and local wet markets. Basically, the study of edible mollusca is important for understanding biodiversity and cultural significance. Mollusca are a delicacy in many parts of the world and are used to create unique, flavorful dishes. However, there are concerns about sustainability and overfishing. By studying diversity and distribution, we can manage resources in a sustainable way that benefits local communities. Incorporating more mollusca into our diets can provide health benefits and support the health of our oceans. The many different species of mollusks offer a wide range of culinary option. Edible molluscs can be great sources of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. So next time you're looking for a new culinary adventure or just want to try something different - why not indulge in the diversity of edible Mollusca? It's a tasty and sustainable way to broaden your palate while exploring the vast flavors that our oceans provide.
Edible molluscs; Biodiversity; Bivalves; Gastropods; Conservation.
Studies on Length-weight relationship of two Cichlid fish species, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) and Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) from the downstream region of Meenachil River, Kerala, India.
The length–weight relationships (LWRs) of two cichlid fish species, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) and Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) were studied from the downstream region of Meenachil river, Kerala, India. A total of 346 specimens were sampled bi-monthly during a period of February 2021 to February 2022 using gill nets with various mesh sizes (3.5 cm–9 cm) and cast nets with a 1.5 cm mesh size. The intercept value (a) for Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) and Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) was found to be 0.0735 and 0.0405 respectively. The growth exponent (b) indicated a negative allometric growth pattern (b < 3.0) for Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) and Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) with values of 2.41 and 2.83 respectively. This work serves as the first reference on the length-weight relationship of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) and Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) from the Meenachil river.
length-weight relationship, Oreochromis mossambicus , Etroplus suratensis, Meenachil river, Negative allometric growth.
Hematological Responses of Cyprinus carpio to Environmental Toxicants
Water bodies face severe environmental pollution risks, and among the riskiest aquatic pollutants are pesticides. Cyprinus carpio is a cosmopolitan fish species found in freshwater that is extremely sensitive to toxic substances and is a very good bioindicator of aquatic ecosystem health. This study tested the hematological effect of lambda-cyhalothrin, a pyrethroid pesticide, on Cyprinus carpio using Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin, hematocrit measurements, white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell (RBC) counts after a 14-day exposure. Temporal changes were assessed by blood sampling on Days 0, 7, and 14. The results indicated lambda-cyhalothrin exposure caused significant reductions in RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels, indicating impaired oxygen transport, but with increased WBC counts, suggesting an immune reaction to toxic stress. The observations demonstrate the negative impacts of pesticide exposure on fish physiology and justify the application of hematological biomarkers as sensitive markers of aquatic contamination. The research provides the critical information necessary for understanding lambda-cyhalothrin sublethal toxicity and highlights the necessity for strict regulation and pesticide runoff monitoring of freshwater ecosystems. Effective biomarker-based surveillance tools are essential for the protection of aquatic biodiversity and long-term ecological stability.
Aquatic ecosystems, Environmental pollutants, Hematological biomarkers, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Pesticide exposure
Decline Of Wild Edible Fruits In Maharashtra’s Tribal Markets: Evidence From Weekly Haat Records 1990-2023
Weekly haat registers maintained by the Integrated Tribal Development Projects in six major tribal districts of Maharashtra (Nandurbar, Dhule, Nashik, Palghar, Gadchiroli, and Gondia) provide the first systematic, long-term evidence of the collapse of wild edible fruit supply between 1990-91 and 2021-22. Total quantity sold through these official markets has declined from an average of 9 842 tonnes per year in 1990-95 to 2617 tonnes in 2017-22, a fall of 73.4 percent. The number of fruit species regularly appearing in the registers has dropped from 29 to only 9 per season. Among major species, mahua flowers have fallen from 4 126 tonnes to 1 214 tonnes, charoli seeds from 1 348 tonnes to 178 tonnes, amla from 1017 tonnes to 298 tonnes, and jamun from 782 tonnes to 152 tonnes. Real prices paid to collectors (deflated to constant 2022 rupees) have risen between 567 percent (mahua) and 1102 percent (charoli), driven by growing urban and herbal-industry demand, yet actual household cash earnings have declined sharply because collectors now harvest far smaller volumes. The primary drivers are the large-scale replacement of mixed deciduous forests by teak monoculture since the late 1980s, near-total failure of natural regeneration due to uncontrolled grazing and loss of seed-dispersing wildlife, and recent fragmentation caused by highways and mining. The paper concludes that without urgent measures (protection of key species, inclusion of fruits under the Minimum Support Price scheme, and allocation of degraded reserve forest for community-led regeneration), wild edible fruits will soon vanish from both adivasi diets and local economies.
wild edible fruits, tribal haat, minor forest produce, Maharashtra, market decline, teak monoculture, regeneration failure, adivasi livelihoods
Loss Of Agricultural Land To Urban Expansion In India: Patterns, Drivers And Policy Concerns 1991 To 2022
India has experienced rapid urban growth since the 1991 economic liberalisation, and this process has led to widespread conversion of agricultural land into built-up areas. Using data drawn from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare), Census of India reports, and land-cover classifications produced by the National Remote Sensing Centre up to 2022, this study maps the scale and geography of farmland loss across three decades. At the national level, land placed under non-agricultural uses increased from 18.3 million hectares in 1991-92 to 26.9 million hectares in 2021-22, whereas net sown area shrank by roughly 1.8 million hectares even as population rose sharply. The most severe declines have occurred in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka, with peri-urban rings around Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai showing the highest rates of built-up expansion. Economic reforms, real-estate speculation, loosely regulated Special Economic Zones, lax zoning enforcement, and large infrastructure projects have jointly driven this transformation. The resultant effects include slower growth in food-grain output, displacement of marginal farmers and landless labourers, degradation of groundwater recharge zones, and heightened food-security risks. Although several protective laws and policy documents have appeared over the years, implementation has remained weak. The paper argues that, without binding safeguards for high-quality agricultural land and a deliberate shift towards compact and vertical urban development, India will continue to lose its productive soil base irreversibly.
agricultural land conversion, urban expansion, peri-urban development, land-use change, food security, India, post-liberalisation
The Impact Of Simulation In Nursing For Managing Obstetric Emergencies
Simulation-based education has become an essential approach in preparing nurses to manage obstetric emergencies, which are often unpredictable, time-sensitive, and associated with high risks for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This article explores the impact of simulation in developing competencies among nurses for managing obstetric emergencies such as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), eclampsia, shoulder dystocia, cord prolapse, and neonatal resuscitation. Simulation enhances clinical decision-making, teamwork, communication, and psychomotor skills in a safe and controlled learning environment. The article also discusses different simulation modalities, their effectiveness, and challenges associated with their implementation. Evidence from various studies indicates that simulation-based training significantly improves clinical readiness, reduces response time, boosts confidence, and enhances patient safety. Recommendations for optimizing simulation training in obstetric nursing practice are presented.
Simulation, obstetric emergencies, nursing education, maternal health, postpartum hemorrhage, clinical competency
People Participation In Community Works And Their Drought-Related Problems In The Man River Basin
This research paper examines the role of community participation in drought mitigation and assesses villagers’ perceptions of government drought relief programs in the Man River Basin. Utilizing primary data collected from 400 respondents across the Satara, Sangli, and Solapur districts in 2024, the study evaluates awareness, effectiveness, and impact of key government initiatives such as the Integrated Watershed Development Program (IWDP), Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan (JSA), Indo-German Watershed Development Program (IGWDP), NABARD Holistic Watershed Development Programme, and others. The study also investigated the socio-economic challenges faced by rural populations during droughts, including water scarcity, crop failure, fodder shortages, unemployment, and health risks. Findings revealed that there are sharp disparities in community participation and program effectiveness across districts of the Man river basin. The study also found significant structural vulnerabilities which are persisting in Man river basin. The study arrived at conclusion that there is need of strengthening local governance, enhancing community engagement, and improving communication strategies to foster drought resilience.
drought mitigation, community participation, watershed development, Man River Basin, rural livelihoods, government programs