Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) ISSN: 2368-7487 Published By : Writerr Publication The Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences (SFS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal dedicated to the publication of original research, reviews, and short communications in the fields of fisheries and aquaculture. The journal provides a platform for advancements in aquatic sciences, covering areas such as aquatic ecosystems, aquaculture practices, fish health, nutrition, environmental impacts, fish processing, and the socio-economic aspects of fisheries. Submissions must be original, unpublished work. All articles undergo a double-blind peer review process, evaluated by expert reviewers, with final decisions made by the editorial board. Accepted articles are published online and made freely accessible to the global scientific community.
The Nutritional And Medicinal Benefits Of Mushroom Cultivation: A Sustainable Approach To Food Security
Mushroom cultivation offers a sustainable and multidimensional approach to strengthening food security under increasing demographic, environmental, and resource pressures. This review evaluates the nutritional, medicinal, environmental, and socioeconomic contributions of mushroom farming within sustainable food systems. Mushrooms provide high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, B-complex vitamins, vitamin D2, minerals, and antioxidant compounds, supporting dietary diversification and nutritional improvement. Their bioactive constituents, including polysaccharides, β-glucans, triterpenoids, lectins, ergothioneine, and glutathione, contribute to antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, anticancer, cardiovascular, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic effects. Mushroom cultivation also supports environmental sustainability by requiring limited land and water, enabling indoor and vertical production, utilizing agricultural and food-processing wastes, reducing landfill burdens, and promoting circular economy practices. Mycelial systems further contribute to organic matter transformation, nutrient cycling, and the development of biodegradable materials. Socioeconomically, mushroom farming offers low-cost livelihood opportunities, supports smallholder participation, encourages rural entrepreneurship, and contributes to women’s empowerment. Despite these advantages, wider adoption is constrained by strict cultivation requirements, contamination risks, limited strain improvement, short shelf life, and post-harvest losses. Advances in biotechnology, preservation technologies, value-added products, and supportive policy frameworks can improve scalability and market integration. Overall, mushroom cultivation represents a viable strategy for linking nutrition, health promotion, environmental sustainability, and rural development in future food security programs.
Mushroom cultivation, Food security, Functional foods, Circular economy, Medicinal mushrooms
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Preparation Of Healthy Salt Alternative With Low Sodium Content Using Brine And Salt Samples Obtained From Selected Salt- Pans Of Tuticorin District, Tamilnadu, India
High sodium intake is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, making low-sodium salt an attractive alternative. The present study explores the preparation of low-sodium salt using various methods to reduce the sodium content. The ionic composition of the prepared low-sodium salt samples was analysed and their production costs were compared to commercially available samples. Results show promising alternatives to traditional salt products with comparable composition and competitive costs. The study highlights the potential of low-sodium salt as a healthier option for consumers and its potential impact on public health.
Low- sodium salt, Salt- pans, Bittern, Chemical composition, Salt- intake.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Spatiotemporal distribution and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in Bhitarkanika: A Mangrove Estuary
Phytoplankton form the foundation of aquatic food webs and are sensitive indicators of environmental conditions in estuarine ecosystems. This study assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of phytoplankton in the Bhitarkanika mangrove-estuarine ecosystem, Odisha, India, and examined their relationship with key physicochemical variables. Sampling was conducted at 28 stations across Bhitarkanika National Park, Dhamra River and Gahirmatha during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Water quality parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, turbidity, and nutrients, were analysed using standard methods. Phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll-a, and total chlorophyll were determined through laboratory and algal analyser-based assessments. Results showed significant seasonal variations in environmental conditions and phytoplankton dynamics. Post-monsoon conditions were associated with lower salinity and temperature, higher nutrient availability, and greater phytoplankton abundance. Mean phytoplankton density increased from 251.5 ± 102.0 no. mL⁻¹ in the pre-monsoon period to 589.0 ± 766.2 no. mL⁻¹ in the post-monsoon period. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) increased markedly during the post-monsoon season, while diatoms and cryptophytes were comparatively less represented. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll concentrations, and nutrient levels, particularly nitrate, ammonia, and orthophosphate. In contrast, dissolved oxygen showed strong negative relationships with phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a. Multivariate analyses identified salinity, nutrient availability, suspended solids, and turbidity as major factors influencing phytoplankton distribution and community structure. These findings highlight the role of monsoon-driven hydrological and biogeochemical processes in regulating phytoplankton assemblages within the Bhitarkanika mangrove-estuarine ecosystem and provide baseline information for ecological monitoring, biodiversity assessment, and sustainable management of coastal and estuarine environments.
Phytoplankton; mangrove estuary; Bhitarkanika; seasonal variation; chlorophyll-a; nutrient dynamics; water quality; phytoplankton abundance.
Nutraceutical Prospects of Rhododendron arboreum (Buransh): A Comprehensive Phytochemical Assessment
Rhododendron arboreum (Buransh) is a State tree of Uttarakhand, India and is iconic Himalayan tree species. This study provides an integrated phytochemical profile of Buransh flower with a special emphasis on the nutraceutical potential of the flowers. The total flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids and flavanols were found to be exceptionally high in flower petals (1276.5mg/100ml, 956.5mg/100ml, 154.8mg/L, 2685µg/100ml and 288.7mg/100ml respectively) and the total antioxidant capacity was 70.4mM Trolox equivalent/L. The major bioactive components, such as quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, gallic acid, and ferulic acid exhibit proven cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo settings. The moisture content was high (79.4%) while the mineral profile was safe as the minerals like iron, manganese, zinc were found to be present in therapeutic levels (405 ppm, 50.2 ppm and 32 ppm, respectively) and heavy metals were found to be below the permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. The total antioxidant activity found to be 70.4 mM Trolox equivalent/L is greater than commercially available nutraceutical drinks like blueberry juice and pomegranate juice. The study also assesses the industrial formulation potential of Buransh in functional beverages, herbal supplements, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceutical excipients. With the introduction of the Geographical Indication (GI) brand for Uttarakhand Buransh in 2023 (GI No. 866, Certificate No. 523), the need for commercial standardization is justifiable both scientifically and economically. The study concludes that the flowers of Buransh are a potential high value nutraceutical ingredient, which has great potential to formulate standardized nutraceuticals, herbal supplements and anti-oxidative therapeutics, thus making R. arboreum a potential flagship Himalayan plant for the global nutraceutical and functional food market.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Growth Performance Of Litopenaeus Vannamei In Response To Stocking Density Under Contrasting Salinity Conditions In Andhra Pradesh, India
The present study was aimed at establishing information on the growth rates of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured for one crop under different salinity and stocking density conditions, namely low salinity with low stocking density, low salinity with high stocking density, high salinity with low stocking density, and high salinity with high stocking density. The average values of pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and temperature in ponds with low salinity and low stocking density were 8.04, 5ppt, 6.0 ppm, 0.48 ppm, and 28.22°C, respectively. In ponds with low salinity and high stocking density, the corresponding values were 8.39, 6 ppt, 5.53ppm, 0.61ppm, and 28.05°C, respectively. Similarly, the average values of pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and temperature in ponds with high salinity and low stocking density were 8.31, 20 ppt, 4.92 ppm, 0.61 ppm, and 28.64°C, respectively. In contrast, ponds with high salinity and high stocking density recorded values of 7.98, 18 ppt, 5.13 ppm, 0.66 ppm, and 28.23°C, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that stocking density exhibited an inverse relationship with shrimp growth. Lower stocking densities resulted in superior growth performance and higher production efficiency, whereas higher stocking densities adversely affected growth and reduced production rates. The findings indicate that optimizing stocking density is essential for maximizing the growth and production performance of L. vannamei under varying salinity conditions.
Litopenaeus vannamei; stocking density; salinity; growth performance; pond culture; production efficiency
Solvent-Dependent Extraction and Regional Bioactivity Variance in Psidium guajava: A Multi-Region Assessment of Antimicrobial Spectrum and Antioxidant Efficacy
Background: The therapeutic efficacy of Psidium guajava (L.) Merr. is significantly influenced by the polarity of the extraction solvent and geographic provenance. However, multi-regional comparative studies integrating solvent-dependent phytochemical partitioning with biological activity are limited. This study investigates the influence of three distinct Indian geographic regions and three solvent systems on the phytochemical profile, antimicrobial spectrum, and antioxidant capacity of guava leaf extracts. Methods: Leaves were collected from Tamil Nadu (TN; tropical lowland), Himachal Pradesh (HP; temperate foothills), and Uttarakhand (UK; sub-Himalayan mid-hills). Sequential extraction was performed using petroleum ether (PE), n-butyl alcohol (NBA), and distilled water (AQ). Qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar well diffusion method against six clinically relevant pathogens. Antioxidant capacity was quantified using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. GC-MS profiling was performed on an Agilent 7890A/5975C system. Results: Phytochemical diversity varied significantly, with Uttarakhand extracts exhibiting the highest class diversity (17/18), followed by Tamil Nadu (14/18) and Himachal Pradesh (12/18). The n-butyl alcohol fraction was the most bioactively potent. Antimicrobial testing revealed a regional hierarchy of TN > UK > HP against most pathogens, with Staphylococcus aureus demonstrating the highest susceptibility (ZOI: 20.7 mm for TN-NBA). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity followed a regional hierarchy of TN > HP > UK, with Tamil Nadu achieving the highest radical scavenging capacity (82.2% DPPH, 61.75% ABTS), followed by Himachal Pradesh (79.80% DPPH, 57.45% ABTS) and Uttarakhand (78.5% DPPH, 55.75% ABTS). GC-MS profiling identified three distinct regional chemotypes: flavonoid-glycoside (TN), sesquiterpene-phytosterol (HP), and phenolic acid-coumarin (UK). Conclusion: Geographic origin and solvent polarity are critical determinants of the bioactive potential of P. guajava leaf extracts. Despite lower phytochemical class diversity, the Tamil Nadu accession demonstrated superior antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy due to a high concentration of specific potent polyphenols such as EGCG and quercetin glycosides.
Psidium guajava, Regional Variance, Solvent Extraction, Antimicrobial Activity, DPPH, ABTS, GC-MS, Chemotype
A Study of The Problems Faced by Tourists Visiting Religious Tourism Destinations in Tamil Nadu
Religious tourism is an important segment of the tourism industry in Tamil Nadu due to its rich spiritual heritage, historic temples, and cultural traditions. The present study aims to identify the socio-demographic profile of tourists and examine the major problems faced by tourists visiting religious tourism destinations in Tamil Nadu. The study is descriptive and empirical in nature and is based on both primary and secondary data. A total of 384 respondents were selected using convenience sampling, and the collected data were analysed using simple percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, and Garrett Ranking Technique. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were male, married, belonged to the age group of 31 - 40 years, and resided within Tamil Nadu. The study identified lack of clean drinking water, inadequate accommodation facilities, pollution, poor cleanliness, and transportation difficulties as the major problems faced by tourists. The study suggests improving infrastructure facilities, sanitation, transportation, and tourist guidance services to enhance tourist satisfaction and promote sustainable religious tourism development in Tamil Nadu.
Religious Tourism, Tourist Problems, Tourist Satisfaction, Tamil Nadu, Infrastructure Facilities, Sustainable Tourism
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences
Bioinformatic analysis of important miRNA and Gene-Network analysis of FAT-1 gene, a key regulator of head and neck cancer.
Introduction:Head and neck cancer is considered as the sixth worldwide leading cancer which are caused due to alcohol and tobacco use, radiation exposure, genetic disorders, etc. MicroRNA is small, single stranded RNA which contains 18-25 nucleotides plays a significant role in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Commonly FAT-1 acts as tumor suppressor but abnormalities in this leads to development of tumors. Aim : Analysis of important miRNA and Gene network analysis of FAT-1 gene , a key regulator of head and neck cancer. Materials and methods: Prediction of microRNA targets for FAT - 1 gene in humans was carried out using Target-scan Human software program. miTG scores of ≥0.99 were identified using the Dianalab software program. Gene network analysis of FAT - 1 was carried out by STRING database online server program. Target miRNAs were predicted using miRDB online server program. Results: Bioinformatic analysis identified dysregulated miRNAs and hub genes associated with the FAT-1 signaling network, revealing significant involvement in cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and metastatic pathways in head and neck cancer. Gene-network analysis demonstrated that FAT-1 interacts with multiple oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways, suggesting its central regulatory role in tumor progression. Important gene interactions with a combined score of ≥0.99 were considered and listed. miRNA targets with a target score of more than 95 were considered for further analysis. Conclusion: The study of bioinformatic analysis of important miRNAs helps in understanding the involvement of the FAT-1 gene in head and neck cancer, where FAT-1 may act as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target due to its association with cancer-related miRNA regulation and molecular signaling pathways. Integrated miRNA and gene-network profiling further provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying head and neck carcinogenesis.
radiation exposure, genetic disorders, post-transcriptional regulation, tumor suppressor, abnormalities.
Tissue-specific Histopathological alterations in Catla catla following exposure to Acetamiprid 20% SP
Nowadays, the worldwide widespread use of pesticides enhances the likelihood of unfavorable toxicity to creatures other than the target pest. Pesticides are a major concern around the world, as they can bioaccumulate into different fish tissues, which will consequently result in serious health concerns for the consumers. In this context, the present study depicts several serious histopathological alterations of vital tissues of freshwater fish Catla catla exposed to Acetamiprid 20% SP at a lethal (50 mg/L-1 for 96 hours) and sub-lethal concentration for 1, 4, and 8 days. However, it is strongly suggested that Acetamiprid 20% SP is moderately toxic to Catla catla. The fish's evident histological alterations are a high degree of pathological lesions. The examination of the gills indicated fusion, epithelial degradation, vacuolation, hyperplasia, and deformity at the tips of secondary lamellae, and tissue destruction at the epithelial site have all been seen as lesions. Infiltration of leucocytes, atrophy, breaking of muscle fibers, and vacuolation-like changes in the muscles were observed.
Acetamiprid 20%SP, Catla catla, Toxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Histopathology
Microbial Indicator asaPerformance Evaluation Tool for STP: Case Study
Mixed community of microorganismsiskeytosewage treatment and few of them may be used as an indicatororganism to evaluate the performance of sewage treatment plants(STPs). The aeration tank in the activated sludgeprocess (ASP) forms an artificial ecosystem consist of bacteria and protozoans.Protozoans and E.coli can be usedasareliable microbial indicator to evaluate the performance of sewage treatment plant.Inthepresent research theexisting performance of Sanjauli Maliana Sewage Treatment Plant had evaluated in terms of removal efficiencyof Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The operational parameter of extended aeration ASP has been determined which showed lowfood/microorganism (F/M) and high mean cell residence time(MCRT) but still the Dissolved oxygen (DO) ofaeration tank was very low. In contrarytothat, microscopic analysis suggested high food/active microorganismratio and low MCRT that explained the low DO. The corrective measures were implemented successfully toelevate the performance of STP. The performance evaluation of sewage treatment had been done after 4 weeksand 6 weeks of successful implementation of corrective measures. The removal efficiency ofTSS, BOD5,andCODhad increased to 94%, 89%, 92% from 79%, 75% and 83% similarly the total coliform removal has increasedby 10 foldsafter six weeks of implementation of corrective measures.The relative density of ciliates had increasedsignificantlyandthe relative density of amoeba had decreased.An optimal dose of bleaching powder had beenevaluated which may ensure theoptimizedcomplete disinfection to reduce the risk of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)epidemics as well as nostresstothe aquatic life. In developing countries like India, these findings may increasethe reliability and adaptability of microbial indicators to evaluate the performance of STP which is currently donepredominately by physicochemical parameters.
Microbial indicators;Ciliated protozoans; Total coliform and E.coli; Sewagetreatment, Removalefficiency
Study of antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Phenol extract from Nigella Sativa L.
Background: This study investigate the antibacterial activity of phenol extract from Nigella Sativa L and Zno nanoparticles toward staphylococcuse aureas and Escherichia coli. Objective: Detecting the phytochemical of plant by using reagent, separation phenol compound from alcohol extract and studding antibacterial of phenol extract and Znonanoparticl. Patients and methods: the antibacterial test detected by disc diffusion methods at concentration ( 25,50,75 and 100 mg/ml ) for phenol extract , while Zno nanoparticles at concentration (0.2 , 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/ml). Results: the inhibition zone of phenol extract in concentration 25 mg/ml was 16.11 mm, 15.11 mm for S. aureus, E .coli respectively, while concentration 50 mg/ml in S. aureus, E.coli 17.44mm, 16.12mm respectively, while concentration 75mg/ml in S. aureus 19.22mm, E.coli 18.34 mm , concentration 100 mg/ml in S. aureus 21.12mm, E.coli 20.12 mm. While the inhibition zone of Zno nanoparticles was 1.23 mm, 2.23 mm against S. aureus ,E .coli respectively with concentration0.2 mg/ml, while concentration 0.3mg/ml in S. aureus 1.99mm, E.coli 3.54mm, while concentration 0.4mg/ml in S. aureus 2.76mm, E.coli 4.11 mm , concentration 0.5 mg/ml in S. aureus 3.65, E.coli 4.11 mm. Conclusion: This effect due to the ability of ZnO nanocomposite to disrupt genes for resistance to oxidative stress, and increase the ROS, which contributes to eradication of bacteria by stimulating macrophages and production of cytokines. Also disrupt the bacterial cell wall (positive, negative) by affecting the osmosis of the cell wall, so the cells treated with this compound appear wrinkled and irregular in shape.
Nigella Sativa L , Phenol, Zno nanoparticl. S. aureus, E.coli.
Algae Biofuel as a Substitute for Petrol: Comparative Life-Cycle & Emissions Assessment
The rising environmental impact of fossil fuels has accelerated research into renewable alternatives. Among these, algae-based biofuels are promising due to high productivity, CO₂ sequestration ability, and non-competition with food crops. This study evaluates the life-cycle environmental performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of algal biofuel relative to conventional petrol. Using a cradle-to-burn analysis, we quantify energy input, carbon footprint, and emissions output. Results indicate that algae biofuel systems can reduce lifecycle CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) emissions by up to 65% compared to petrol, while offering a lower net energy balance. The assessment also identifies key stages—harvesting, lipid extraction, and combustion—where improvements yield the greatest environmental benefits. The findings support algae biofuel as a viable, lower-emissions alternative to conventional petrol, especially when integrated with carbon capture and waste nutrient utilization.
Algae biofuel, life-cycle assessment (LCA), emissions assessment, petrol substitute, sustainable energy, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon footprint.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics, Zooplankton Diversity And Fish Biodiversity Of Kakinada Bay And Coringa Mangrove Ecosystem, Andhra Pradesh, India
The present study investigated the water quality parameters, zooplankton diversity, and fish biodiversity of the Gautami Godavari estuarine system and mangrove ecosystems of the Kakinada Bay and Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary region, Andhra Pradesh, India. Monthly sampling was conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 at six selected stations namely Kakinada Bay, Chollangi, Matlapalem, Ramanapalem, Coringa, and Bhairavapalem. Important physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, and hardness were analyzed using standard methods. Zooplankton samples were collected using plankton nets and fish diversity was assessed from fishermen catches and field collections. The study revealed considerable seasonal and spatial variations in water quality characteristics under the influence of tidal fluctuations and monsoonal freshwater influx. Temperature varied from 26°C to 36°C, while pH remained slightly alkaline throughout the study period. Dissolved oxygen showed marked fluctuations with comparatively lower values during summer months. Salinity exhibited significant seasonal changes due to freshwater discharge during monsoon and marine water intrusion during dry periods. Higher alkalinity and hardness values were observed in Kakinada Bay owing to tidal influence and dissolved mineral content. Zooplankton diversity was dominated by copepods followed by decapod larvae, chaetognaths, gastropod veligers, polychaete larvae, bivalve veligers, appendicularians, ostracods, and cladocerans. Seasonal abundance indicated that mangrove ecosystems provide highly productive nursery grounds supporting rich planktonic populations. Fish biodiversity analysis recorded 31 species belonging to 26 genera, 16 families, and 7 orders. Perciformes formed the dominant group followed by Cypriniformes and Clupeiformes. Commercially important fishes such as Mugil cephalus, Sardinella longiceps, Glossogobius giuris, and Oreochromis mossambicus were commonly observed. The present investigation highlights the ecological significance of the Kakinada Bay and Coringa mangrove ecosystems in maintaining estuarine productivity, fishery resources, and biodiversity conservation. The study also provides baseline scientific information for future environmental monitoring, conservation planning, and sustainable management of the Godavari estuarine ecosystem.
Kakinada Bay; Coringa Mangroves; Gautami Godavari Estuary; Water Quality; Zooplankton; Fish Biodiversity; Physico-Chemical Parameters; Mangrove Ecosystem; Estuarine Ecology; Coastal Biodiversity.
Record of Monogenean Parasite Chauhanellus indicus in Freshwater Fishes Mystus seenghala and Clarias batrachus at Muzaffarnagar District (U.P.) India
Monogeneans, which are primarily ectoparasitic in nature, can seriously damage aquaculture systems, particularly when it comes to fish. 729 freshwater fish of the species Mystus seenghala and Clarias batrachus were gathered from various freshwater resources in the Indian district of Muzaffarnagar and examined for monogenean infestation. A total of 38 fish hosts yielded 130 monogeneans from the genus Chauhanellus (Dactylogyrus), with an overall prevalence of 5.21%. Different seasonal conditions affect the prevalence percentage of Dactylogyrus infection on fish hosts. Dactylogyrus members are oviparous (egg-laying) monogenean trematodes with two pairs of anchors for attachment to the fish host's skin and gills. Dactylogyrus can also be found on the fins and buccal cavity of fish with severe infections. The author of this paper used sketches and photomicrographs to examine the morphological details of the parasites. Measurement ranges are displayed in table form along with other authors' comparisons.
Monogenean, ectoparasite, freshwater fish, Mystus seenghala, Clarias batrachus etc.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Selected Nanoparticles: A Review
Recently, nanobiotechnology has attracted a lot of attention, as it is a rapidly emerging field which is still growing and developing efficient and advanced therapeutic protocols under the umbrella of nanomedicine and environmental remediation. It can revolutionize solutions to biomedical problems by developing effective treatment protocols and therapeutics. In this review, we come across the green synthesised metal oxide nanoparticles such as iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide and some other mixed metal oxides using different plant sources, their characterisation techniques and applications. The seasonal distributions of plants and their compositions as well as issues with low purity and poor yield were the major concerns. Anyhow, current environmental problems and problems associated with chemical synthesis, were also taken in mind and selected green synthesis as an alternative development prospect with potential applications. However, focus and research are still required to make these therapeutics more effective and safer to use.
Green synthesis, iron oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide.
Improved Growth Performance And Mucosal Immunity In Koi Carp Fed On A Diet Enriched With Borassus Flabellifer Sap
Koi carps are fascinating ornamental fish known for their vibrant colouration and graceful appearance. Due to their high popularity in the ornamental fish sector, their growth enhancement and mucosal immunity are of great concern. B.flabellifer sap or palm nectar was coated along with the commercial pellet diet at various concentrations, i.e. 2.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0% respectively. In parallel, a control diet lacking palm sap was maintained for analysis to test the growth and skin mucosal immune parameters in koi carp reared in indoor culture system. Koi carp fed on the P3 diet showed a maximum weight gain of 1.95 ± 0.02g compared to a low weight gain of 0.654 ± 0.02g noticed in the control diet fed fish. The skin mucosal immune parameters, such as total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, were remarkably high in the skin mucus of P3 and P4 treated groups compared to control diet-fed fish.
Borassus flabellifer sap, skin mucus, Mucosal immunity.
Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers from Agricultural Residues for Water Treatment
This paper investigates the synthesis of biodegradable polymers derived from agricultural residues as eco-friendly adsorbents for water purification. Agricultural wastes such as rice husk and sugarcane bagasse were processed to extract cellulose and lignin, which were then chemically modified to form biodegradable polymeric adsorbents. The synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area analysis. Adsorption studies were performed for removal of heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺) and organic dyes (Methylene Blue) from aqueous solutions. Results indicate high affinity of the biodegradable polymers toward contaminants, with maximum removal efficiencies exceeding 85% under optimized conditions. The findings demonstrate that agro-residue-derived biopolymers can serve as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to synthetic adsorbents for wastewater treatment. This study focuses on the extraction of high-purity cellulose from agro-residue-based waste paper and its conversion into biodegradable polymeric adsorbents for water purification. Waste paper fibers were pretreated using alkaline swelling followed by a bleaching/delignification step to remove lignin, hemicelluloses, dyes, and fillers. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups, including O–H stretching (3330–3400 cm⁻¹), C–H stretching (2890–2925 cm⁻¹), and β-glycosidic linkage bands at 895 cm⁻¹. SEM micrographs revealed a morphological transformation from compact raw fibers to smooth, fibrillated, and porous micro fibrils after purification. The extracted cellulose was further utilized to synthesize biodegradable polymer adsorbents, which showed high removal efficiency for Pb²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, and methylene blue dyes. Adsorption behavior followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and exhibited increased performance at optimized pH and adsorbent dosage. The results demonstrate that agro-residue waste is a viable and eco-friendly raw material for value-added polymer production, offering a sustainable solution for water treatment applications
Biodegradable polymer, agricultural residue, adsorption, water treatment, cellulose, lignin, FTIR, SEM, water purification.
Review of Predictive Artificial Intelligence Models in Major League Baseball Analytics
In the present time, MLB - Major League Baseball is a professional biggest sporting event at international level. And the researchers are very much keen about the prediction of results in this particular game. Many have tried envisaging and forecasting the outcome of these matches on the basis of trend and scenario. But the predicting outcome accuracy levels of these matches are not up to the mark, it ranges between 50 to 60 percent only. Therefore, nowadays to improve this accuracy, various artificial-intelligence based methods are being used. The purpose of this research is to analyze and compare different machine learning models used by various authors over the years. It will assess these models on dimensions like Flexibility, Complexity and Interpretability. With the help of these comparisons the researcher will also suggest how improvements can be made in these models so that higher level of accuracy can be achieved in predicting the results of the game.
Major League Baseball, Machine Learning, Prediction Model, Artificial Intelligence
Biosocial Determinants and Infant Feeding Practices Influencing Growth among Tribal Infants in Manipur Valley
Birth weight and early infancy growth are critical indicators of child health, shaped by a complex interplay of maternal biosocial, nutritional, and environmental factors. This longitudinal study investigates the influence of maternal characteristics and feeding practices on infant growth among tribal populations in the valley districts of Manipur. A sample of 457 mother–infant pairs was followed over twelve months, with infant weight as the primary outcome variable. Using multiple and stepwise regression analyses, the study evaluates seventeen maternal and environmental predictors, including maternal age, weight, parity, education, antenatal care, and infant feeding practices. The findings reveal that infant age (p < 0.01) and maternal weight (p < 0.01) are the most significant positive predictors of growth, while maternal age (p < 0.05) and parity (p < 0.01) show significant negative associations. Exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.01) and colostrum feeding (p < 0.01) emerge as strong contributors to improved infant weight. Antenatal care utilization (p < 0.01) and access to safe drinking water (p < 0.01) also positively influence growth outcomes. The study underscores the multifactorial nature of infant growth and emphasizes the need for targeted maternal and child health interventions in underserved tribal communities, supporting context-specific health strategies.
Birth Weight, Infant Growth, Maternal Biosocial Factors, Breastfeeding, Tribal Health
Phytochemical analysis of some selected species of the family Convolvulaceae occurring in Central Rajasthan
Family Convolvulaceae occupies a significant position among first ten dominant families of RajasthanState.The family is important as a source of food, for drugs, for several ornamentals etc. Plant used foredible purposes include Ipomoea batatas and Ipomoea aquatica. Plants of medicinal value includeEvolvulus alsinoides,and Ipomoea violacea,. Plants of ornamental value include Argyreia speciosa (ElehantCreeper), and Ipomoea cairica (Railway Creeper). Phytochemical investigations is taken up for the presentstudies of some selected species of Convolvulaceae occurring in Central Rajasthan, include the quantitative estimation of total soluble sugars, soluble proteins, starch, free amino acids, and phenols.
Biochemical Responses of Protein and Lipid Levels to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Chronic Bioaccumulation in Labeo rohita
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are known to accumulate in fat rich tissues due to their lipophilic characteristics, leading to bioconcentration and biomagnifications in the food chain. This accumulation poses risk to human health and the environment. The bioaccumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Labeo rohita can significantly impact their protein and lipid concentrations. The current research investigated how PCBs impact on protein and lipid levels in Labeo rohita under laboratory conditions. Labeo rohita belonging to the family Cyprinidae, weighing 25-30g procured from local fish dealer. Fish were acclimatized for a week at holding temperature of 18-220C. Chronic PCBs Lc50 is 0.90 ppm for 28 days, PCBs deposition in tissues had increased significantly with dose and exposure duration dependent manner. The Lowry method was used to measure total protein concentrations, while lipid content was determined through Folch extraction method. The study results indicated that biochemical components showed a significant decrease which linked to increasing dosages of the treatment. The control group showed protein levels of 6.03 mg/g which decreased to 3.51 mg/g at 0.90 ppm (Lc50) while lipid levels dropped from 13.06 mg/g to 9.81 mg/g. (Lc50). The study reveals that, the PCBs exposure causes metabolic stress which results in the depletion of necessary biochemical reserves. The study demonstrates that Labeo rohita protein and lipid levels function as reliable biomarkers to evaluate how aquatic ecosystems experience toxicological effects and environmental contamination.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Protein, Lipid, depletion, Labeo rohita, Lowry's Method, Folch Method, Biochemical Changes, Biomarker.
Snakehead Fishes (Channidae): Aquaculture Potential, Nutritional Composition and Molecular Regulation of Lipid Metabolism: A Mini Review
Snakehead fishes (family Channidae) are increasingly important in freshwater aquaculture across Asia and emerging regions such as sub‑Saharan Africa, driven by high consumer preference, rapid growth, air‑breathing ability and perceived medicinal value. Culture intensification has stimulated a rapid shift from trash‑fish based feeding to formulated diets, raising critical questions about optimal protein lipid nutrition, lipid deposition, health, and the molecular regulation of energy and lipid metabolism. Recent studies are evaluated growth and feed efficiency responses to concentration based dietary protein and lipid levels in several snakehead species and hybrids, and has begun to clarify the roles of key metabolic regulators such as leptin paralogs, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling in energy balance and lipid metabolism. Similar studies have detailed proximate composition, amino acid profile, albumin content and fatty acid composition of different Channa species and products, showing their nutritional value for humans and potential as functional foods. The aim of the present study is to understand (1) the aquaculture potential and production systems for snakehead fishes; (2) their flesh and product nutritional characteristics; and (3) emerging trends into molecular and nutritional regulation of lipid metabolism, including responses to dietary lipid manipulation, novel ingredients and hepatobiliary challenge. Limitations, research gaps and priorities are identified to support sustainable intensification, feed formulation and health management in Channidae aquaculture.
Snakehead fish, Protein content, Lipid content, Molecular regulation, Aquaculture practices, Channidae
A Study On The Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Market-Based Financial Performance
Corporate governance is a fundamental mechanism that ensures accountability, transparency, and ethical management in organizations. This study examines the relationship between corporate governance practices and market-based financial performance. Using a descriptive research design based on secondary data, the study explores how governance variables such as board structure, ownership patterns, and disclosure practices influence market-based indicators like stock returns, market capitalization, and firm value. The findings reveal that effective corporate governance enhances investor confidence, reduces risk, and positively impacts market valuation. The study concludes that strong governance frameworks are essential for sustainable financial performance in competitive markets.
Corporate Governance, Market-Based Performance, Stock Returns, Firm Value, Transparency, Investor Confidence
Higher Education Affects Opinions On The Adoption Of International Financial Reporting Standards In India
The research identified seven variables that contribute to the delay in IFRS adoption in India after data analysis using factor testing. statistical methods according to IFRS and Indian GAAP, we discovered a difference in profitability; nevertheless, this difference is not statistically significant, and in most situations, we are able to satisfy the null hypothesis. Profitability metrics vary, even if statistical methods support the null hypothesis. Even if the percentage difference is small, these variations are significant. As a result of the convergence process, private sector and financial sector enterprises are being hit particularly hard. There are certain areas where Indian accounting standards, IFRS, and Ind AS diverge. Ind AS is the IFRS converged form used in India. Aside from a few of things, the table of differences reveals that almost all provisions are identical to IFRS. Comparing IFRS with Indian GAAP reveals some significant differences.
Adoption, Education, International Financial Reporting Standards, Indian GAAP, Opinions
Dispute Resolution of Marine Jurisdiction of Fishing Industry: An Issue of Economic and Social Concerned
With the richest riverine fish gene pools, a network of hundreds of rivers, estuaries, oxbows, and flood plains, India is the second-largest fish producer in the world. Products from the fishing industry are a great source of protein and other necessary micronutrients for a healthy diet. Notably, the supply of fish food is expanding responsibly every year (with an average growth rate of 3.2% per year) because to the expansion in fish production as well as the strong and balanced distribution channel. So, the idea of recreational fishing, which involves lots of people, is expanding into a substantial industry in terms of the number of practitioners and social and economic significance. The fishing business faces numerous problems with regard to its marine jurisdiction, whether local, national, or international, and this poses a significant challenge to the sector. The main issue is inefficient administration, which leads to considerable confusion and encourages over-exploitation of marine species. Additionally, small boats are contributing to open access, common property situations that offer strong incentives for immediate exploitation. Small boats are also causing overfishing in fisheries around the world, and "small scale" fleets can be major competitors in international trade. Fishers have poorly defined and unenforced use rights for fish. Similarly, the present legal and administrative policies are only serving partially progressive marine life management which is creating challenges for fisheries management. It is proposed that fisheries management needs to be strengthened, particularly the inshore waters, further, an evaluation of the domestic and international best practices for fisheries management and coastal life should be done.
Fishing Industry, Marine Fishing Management, Marine Jurisdiction, Fishery Products
A Comprehensive Guide For Awareness, Clinical Application & Research Perspective Of Moringa Olifera Mother Tincture
In recent years, lifestyle-related disorders such as obesity, chronic fatigue, nutritional deficiency, and low immunity have increased significantly. Homoeopathy, known for its holistic and individualized approach, not only provides constitutional treatment but also offers supportive remedies that enhance overall vitality and metabolic balance.One such emerging remedy is Moringa oleifera Mother Tincture (Q), which is gaining popularity due to its rich nutritional profile and wide therapeutic applications (1).
Coeliac Disease: History, Pathophysiology, And Psychosomatic Dimensions
Coeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. First described by Aretaeus of Cappadocia in the 2nd century AD and later scientifically defined by Samuel Gee in 1888, its pathogenesis was clarified in the 1940s when Willem-Karel Dicke identified wheat as the causative agent. The disease is characterized by villous atrophy, malabsorption, and systemic complications, with a global prevalence of approximately 1%. Beyond its gastrointestinal manifestations, coeliac disease has significant psychosomatic and psychiatric dimensions, including associations with depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and social isolation. While the gluten-free diet remains the cornerstone of management, alternative medicine approaches—such as homeopathy, Ayurveda, naturopathy, and mind-body interventions—have been explored for supportive care, though evidence remains limited. This article reviews the historical evolution, pathophysiology, psychosomatic relations, and complementary medicine perspectives on coeliac disease, highlighting its multidimensional impact on health and quality of life.
Physicochemical Parameters And Phytoremediation Of Water Samples Of Laxmitaal Jhansi
Water being the source of life is vital for all known forms of life. It is an excellent solvent used for all purposes of life like drinking, cooking, agriculture, industries etc and so its availability is decreasing. For the limited resource availability, reuse of the available supply is more suggestible. To maintain this, pollution factors in water bodies should be on regular check and if pollution exceeds it should be remediated. Many physical and chemical technologies prevail for remediation of water, but Phytoremediation is the best technique. This is a very eco-friendly technique which decontaminates the wastewater in a very economical way. The present study emphasise on Physico-chemical parameters measurement and heavy metal detection in LaxmiTaal, a local water body in Jhansi city of Uttar Pradesh. Physicochemical parameters like pH, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride content, total dissolved solids, BOD, DO and COD are measured every six months to observe the seasonal variations. Phytoremediation efficiency of Eichhornia and Hydrilla is examined by treating contaminated water of Laxmi Taal. The results revealed that many of the physicochemical parameters of Laxmi Taal water were in the range of pollution but after phytoremediation water quality is enhanced as the parameters towards pollution were greatly reduced.
Physico-chemical parameters, phytoremediation, Eichhornia, Hydrilla.
Comparative Analysis Of Mortality Patterns Associated With Plasmodium Falciparum And Plasmodium Vivax In A Hyperendemic Region Of Bihar, India
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax co-exist with Malaria in regions of India that are hyperendemic, imposing a high mortality burden and having a dissimilar impact on the severe disease outcomes. The proposed study has made a comparative evaluation of the patterns of species-specific mortality in the selected hyperendemic districts of Bihar using retrospective observational cohort design on the basis of regularly collected clinical and surveillance data. One thousand two hundred and eighty-four laboratory confirmed cases of malaria were studied comprising 742 cases of P. falciparum and 542 cases of P. vivax. Mortality was observed to be more in P. falciparum (8.2% than in P. vivax (3.3%), where death cases were at both ends of the age and mainly among patients who presented with diabetes complications. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that P. falciparum infection on its own was a significant predictor of death following the factors of age, sex, and severity of disease but IVs at presentation were shown to be the most significant factor of death. Even if the death rate related to P. vivax was less in absolute terms, the fact that fatal consequences did occur highlighted the fact that vivax malaria is not always benign when it comes to hyperendemic areas with limited resources. The observation shows the significance of species based risk stratification, early diagnosis, and prompt referral of severe malaria in order to minimize death caused by malaria in endemic countries like Bihar, India.
Malaria mortality; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; hyperendemic region; disease severity; Bihar, India
Socioeconomic Determinants Of Malaria Morbidity And Mortality In Endemic Regions Of Bihar, India
Malaria is a major public health issue in some of the flood prone and rural districts of Bihar, India, where socioeconomic vulnerability is a factor in perpetrating infections and avoidable deaths. The current research paper focuses on the association between malaria morbidity and mortality with socioeconomic factors in the selected endemic areas in the state of Bihar. It is a cross-sectional survey of a community-based survey, with 200 adult respondents sampled by 4 high-risk districts, namely, Purnia, Katihar, Araria and Kishanganj. The main data will be gathered using a structured questionnaire of education, income, occupation, housing condition, preventive habits and treatment seeking behaviour. Data analysis is done using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that low-income and illiterate respondents, daily wage laborers, and people living in kutcha houses with no mosquito nets will be more inclined to malaria. Higher morbidity and mortality are noted in those respondents who postpone treatment or through informal health providers, but prompt treatment in formal health care facilities lowers mortality. Logistic regression results in delayed treatment, lack of mosquito nets, illiteracy and distance to health facilities are the factors to predict malaria deaths (p < 0.05). The research finds malaria in Bihar to be directly related to poverty and the lack of access to healthcare pointing at the necessity of combined prevention and healthcare actions.
Malaria, Socioeconomic Status, Morbidity, Mortality, Bihar, Public Health Inequality.