Marine Proxies Of Paleomonsoon: Emphasis On Indian Monsoon System

Abstract

Marine proxies are the most prominent tools in the history of the monsoon. Palaeomonsoon is the seasonal
movement of wind belts and differential heating of land and water caused by the interaction between the
ocean and atmosphere. The Indian monsoon is distinct from other monsoon systems in terms of its focal
points, associated air masses, and mechanism for precipitation. It has two distinct phases: the southwest
monsoon (June to September), which brings the majority of the precipitation to India and the northeast
monsoon (November to February). The tropical monsoon has been proposed as a major modulator of the
northern hemisphere climate and a major player at the end of the last ice age. Monsoon rainfall is recorded in
sediments deposited on the ocean floor from the Arabian Sea region. Humidity and temperature are measured
through physical and chemical parameters, and isotopic compositions are used to understand temperature,
atmospheric composition, and ocean salinity. Microfossil assemblages and abundances of species are also
important indicators of how physical and chemical factors affect biota.