Effect Of Sublethal Concentrations Of Phenol On Histopathological Profile Of Fish Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Valenciennes, 1844)

Abstract

The aromatic chemical phenol, which is frequently present in home and industrial effluents, is a cause for concern in toxicology around the world. Significant fish harm is seen when it enters aquatic ecosystems. This study used the gills, muscles, and gut of Ctenopharyngodon idella as biomarkers to examine the harmful effects of phenol in various organs. Histopathological investigations have shown high degree of pathological lesions. The examination of the gills indicated fusion, epithelial degradation, vacuolation, hyperplasia, and deformity at the tips of secondary lamellae. In the fish's intestine, clumping of adjacent villi made of columnar epithelium, inflammation, and tissue destruction at the epithelial site have all been seen as lesions. Infiltration of leucocytes, atrophy, breaking of muscle fibres, and vacuolation like changes in the muscles was observed.