Emerging Trends In Plant Disease Management: A Review Of Sustainable And Innovative Approaches

Abstract

The broad application of chemical pesticides, such as fungicides, insecticides, and bactericides that are toxic to plant pathogens or plant disease vectors, is the mainstay of plant disease control. However, the adverse effects of these chemicals and the byproducts of their decomposition could endanger both humans and the environment, which is what motivated researchers and producers to look for alternative, environmentally benign methods of disease control. Biological control agents that promote plant development, such as rhizobacteria (PGPR), are being employed more frequently in the field as alternative strategies have shown to be effective thus far. Through a variety of methods, such as the production of volatile compounds, induced systemic resistance (ISR), and antimicrobial metabolites, PGPR both directly and indirectly promotes plant growth and inhibits the development of disease in plant systems. Significant structural and functional alterations brought about by these defence mechanisms can provide disease resistance in plants. The biocontrol mechanism and proteomic viewpoint of PGPR elicitors in the management of plant diseases are discussed in the current review.